"Mu gihembwe cya mbere, mu gihe cy'ibidukikije bikomeye kandi bigoye mpuzamahanga hamwe n'imirimo igoye yo kuvugurura, guteza imbere no gutuza imbere mu gihugu, uturere twose n'amashami byashyize mu bikorwa ibyemezo na gahunda byafashwe na Komite Nkuru ya CPC n'Inama ya Leta, bubahiriza ihame ryo "gutera imbere nk'intambwe ya mbere" no "gushaka iterambere hagati y'ituze", bashyira mu bikorwa igitekerezo gishya cy'iterambere mu buryo bwuzuye, bunoze kandi bwuzuye, bihutisha iyubakwa ry'icyitegererezo gishya cy'iterambere, bashyira imbaraga mu guteza imbere iterambere ryiza, bahuza neza imiterere ibiri y'imbere mu gihugu n'iy'amahanga muri rusange, bahuza neza gukumira no kurwanya ibyorezo n'iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza, bahuza neza iterambere n'umutekano, kandi bagaragaza akamaro ko guteza imbere no gutuza ubukungu. Bahuza neza gukumira no kugenzura ibyorezo n'iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza, bahuza neza iterambere n'umutekano, kandi bagaragaza akazi ko guteza imbere iterambere, akazi n'ibiciro; gukumira no kugenzura ibyorezo byatumye habaho impinduka zihuse kandi zoroshye, umusaruro n'ibikenewe byarahagaze kandi bisubira inyuma, akazi n'ibiciro muri rusange birahamye, amafaranga abantu binjiza yakomeje kwiyongera, ibyo isoko ryitezweho byarazamutse cyane, kandi ubukungu bwatangiye neza imikorere yabwo." Fu Linghui, umuvugizi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare (NBS) akaba n’umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe Ibarurishamibare ryuzuye ku bukungu bw’igihugu, yabitangaje mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru ku mikorere y’ubukungu bw’igihugu mu gihembwe cya mbere cyabaye n’Ibiro Bishinzwe Amakuru by’Inama Nkuru ya Leta ku ya 18 Mata.
Ku ya 18 Mata, Ibiro by’Itangazamakuru by’Inama Nkuru ya Leta byagiranye ikiganiro n’abanyamakuru i Beijing, aho Fu Linghui, umuvugizi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibarurishamibare akaba n’umuyobozi w’Ishami rishinzwe Ibarurishamibare ry’Ubukungu bw’Igihugu, yatangije imikorere y’ubukungu bw’igihugu mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2023, anasubiza ibibazo by’abanyamakuru.
Isuzuma ry’ibanze rigaragaza ko umusaruro rusange w’igihugu mu gihembwe cya mbere wari miliyoni 284,997,000,000 z’amayuan, izamuka rya 4.5% ku giciro gihoraho, n’izamuka rya ringgit rya 2.2% ugereranyije n’igihembwe cya kane cy’umwaka ushize. Ku bijyanye n’inganda, agaciro k’inganda z’ibanze kari miliyari 11575 z’ama-ruble, kazamutseho 3.7% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize; agaciro k’inganda z’inyongera kari miliyari 10794.7 z’ama-ruble, kazamutseho 3.3%; naho agaciro k’inganda z’inyongera kari miliyari 165475 z’ama-ruble, kazamutseho 5.4%.
Igihembwe cya mbere cy'inganda cyageze ku iterambere rirambye
"Igihembwe cya mbere cy'inganda cyabonye iterambere rihamye. Kuva uyu mwaka watangira, hamwe no gukumira no kugenzura icyorezo, politiki y'iterambere rihamye ikomeje kugaragaza umusaruro, icyifuzo cy'isoko kirimo kwiyongera, uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho by'inganda kugira ngo umusaruro w'inganda wihutishwe, habayeho impinduka nyinshi nziza." Fu Linghui yavuze ko mu gihembwe cya mbere, agaciro k'inganda ku rwego rw'igihugu kongerewe hejuru y'ingano yagenwe kiyongereyeho 3.0% ugereranyije n'umwaka, kiyongeraho 0.3% ugereranije n'igihembwe cya kane cy'umwaka ushize. Mu byiciro bitatu by'ingenzi, agaciro k'inganda z'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro kiyongereyeho 3.2%, inganda z'inganda ziyongereyeho 2.9%, naho inganda z'amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe, gazi n'amazi ziyongeraho 3.3%. Agaciro k'inganda zikora ibikoresho kiyongereyeho 4.3%, kiyongeraho 2.5% kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Gashyantare. Hari ibintu bikurikira ahanini:
Ubwa mbere, inganda nyinshi zakomeje kwiyongera. Mu gihembwe cya mbere, mu nganda 41 zikomeye, inzego 23 zakomeje kwiyongera umwaka ku wundi, aho umuvuduko w’iterambere warenze 50%. Ugereranyije n’igihembwe cya kane cy’umwaka ushize, umuvuduko w’iterambere ry’inganda 20 wongerewe agaciro wariyongereye.
Icya kabiri, inganda zikora ibikoresho zigira uruhare rugaragara mu gushyigikira. Uko icyerekezo cyo kuvugurura inganda mu Bushinwa kigenda gikomera, ubushobozi n'urwego rw'inganda zikora ibikoresho birazamuka, kandi umusaruro ukomeza kwiyongera vuba. Mu gihembwe cya mbere, agaciro k'inganda zikora ibikoresho kiyongereyeho 4.3% uko umwaka ugenda uhita, amanota 1.3 ku ijana aruta ay'inganda ziteganyijwe, kandi uruhare rwazo mu iterambere ry'inganda zirengeje ingano yagenwe rwageze kuri 42.5%. Muri zo, imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi, gari ya moshi n'amato n'izindi nganda byiyongereyeho 15.1%, 9.3%.
Icya gatatu, urwego rw'inganda z'ibikoresho fatizo rwazamutse ku muvuduko wihuta. Kubera ko ubukungu bukomeje kuzamuka, ishoramari rikomeje kwiyongera byashimangiye imbaraga z'inganda z'ibikoresho fatizo, kandi umusaruro ujyanye nabyo wakomeje kwiyongera vuba. Mu gihembwe cya mbere, agaciro k'inganda z'ibikoresho fatizo kiyongereyeho 4.7% uko umwaka ugenda uhita, amanota 1.7 ku ijana ari hejuru y'inganda zemewe. Muri zo, inganda zitunganya ibyuma fatizo n'izitunganya ibyuma fatizo n'izitunganya ibyuma fatizo byiyongereyeho 5.9% na 6.9%. Ukurikije uko ibicuruzwa bihagaze, mu gihembwe cya mbere, ibyuma fatizo, ibyuma icumi bidakoresha feri byiyongereyeho 5.8%, 9%.
Icya kane, umusaruro w’ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse warushijeho kuba mwiza. Mu gihembwe cya mbere, agaciro k’ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse karenze ingano yagenwe kiyongereyeho 3.1% uko umwaka utashye, biruta umuvuduko w’iterambere ry’ibigo byose by’inganda birengeje ingano yagenwe. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bibazo bwerekana ko ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse bigengwa n’amategeko agenga iterambere kurusha mu gihembwe cya kane cy’umwaka ushize, hiyongereyeho amanota 1.7 ku ijana, umusaruro n’imiterere y’ubucuruzi by’ibigo byiza byagize amanota 1.2 ku ijana.
"Byongeye kandi, ibitegerejwe mu bucuruzi muri rusange ni byiza, PMI y'inganda zikora inganda imaze amezi atatu yikurikiranya iri mu cyerekezo, ibicuruzwa bitagira ibidukikije nk'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu n'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba byakomeje kwiyongera ku mibare ibiri, kandi impinduka mu bijyanye no kubungabunga inganda zakomeje. Ariko, twagombye kandi kubona ko ibidukikije mpuzamahanga bikomeje kuba ingorabahizi kandi bikomeye, hari ukudasobanukirwa neza iterambere ry'ibikenewe hanze, imbogamizi ku isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu ziracyahari, ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa by'inganda biracyagabanuka, kandi imikorere y'ibigo ihura n'ingorane nyinshi." Fu Linghui yavuze ko mu cyiciro gikurikiraho, tugomba gushyira mu bikorwa politiki n'ingamba zitandukanye zo guteza imbere iterambere, kwibanda ku kwagura ibikenewe mu gihugu, kongera ingufu mu kuvugurura imiterere y'ibicuruzwa, kuvugurura no kuvugurura inganda gakondo ku buryo bukomeye, guhinga no guteza imbere inganda nshya, guteza imbere urwego rwo hejuru rw'uburinganire hagati y'ibicuruzwa n'ibikenewe, no guteza imbere iterambere ryiza ry'inganda.
Ubucuruzi bw'amahanga bw'Ubushinwa burakomeye kandi buhora buhindagurika
Dukurikije imibare iherutse gusohorwa n’Ubuyobozi Bukuru bw’Imisoro, ku bijyanye n’amadolari y’Amerika, agaciro k’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Werurwe kiyongereyeho 14.8% ugereranyije n’umwaka, aho igipimo cy’ubwiyongere cyihutaho amanota 21.6 ku ijana ugereranije n’icya Mutarama-Gashyantare, bikaba ari ubwa mbere bigaragaye ko ari byiza kuva mu Kwakira umwaka ushize; ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byagabanutseho 1.4% ugereranyije n’umwaka, aho igipimo cyo kugabanuka cyagabanutseho amanota 8.8 ku ijana ugereranyije n’icya Mutarama-Gashyantare, naho ubucuruzi bwiyongereyeho muri Werurwe bwari miliyari 88.19 z’amadolari y’Amerika. Imikorere y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Werurwe yari myiza cyane ugereranyije n’uko byari byitezwe, mu gihe ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byari bike cyane ugereranyije n’uko byari byitezwe. Ese iyi mbaraga ikomeye irarambye?
"Kuva mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa bikomeza kwiyongera hashingiwe ku mubare munini w'ibicuruzwa byari bifite umwaka ushize, ibyo bikaba bitari byoroshye. Mu gihembwe cya mbere, agaciro k'ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongereyeho 4.8% ugereranyije n'umwaka, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongereyeho 8.4%, bikomeza kwiyongera vuba. Ntibyoroshye kugera kuri iryo terambere mu gihe ubukungu bw'isi buri kugabanuka kandi ibitagenda neza hanze bikaba byinshi." Fu Linghui yagize ati.
Fu Linghui yavuze ko mu cyiciro gikurikira, ukwiyongera kw'ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa kurimo guhura n'igitutu runaka, ahanini kigaragara muri ibi bikurikira: Ubwa mbere, ukwiyongera kw'ubukungu bw'isi ni guke. Dukurikije ibyari byateganijwe n'Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy'Imari, ubukungu bw'isi bwitezweho kwiyongeraho 2.8% mu 2023, bikaba biri hasi cyane ugereranije n'umuvuduko w'iterambere ry'umwaka ushize. Dukurikije ibyari byateganijwe na WTO, ingano y'ubucuruzi bw'ibicuruzwa ku isi iziyongeraho 1.7% mu 2023, bikaba biri hasi cyane ugereranije n'umwaka ushize. Icya kabiri, hari ukudasobanutse neza kw'amahanga. Kuva mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, izamuka ry'ibiciro muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'i Burayi ryakomeje kwiyongera, politiki y'ifaranga yakomeje gukazwa, kandi ibibazo by'amafaranga biherutse kugaragara muri amwe mu mabanki muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'i Burayi byarushijeho kwiyongera mu mikorere y'ubukungu. Muri icyo gihe, haracyari ibyago bya politiki, kandi ukwiyongera k'ubumwe n'ubwirinzi byarushijeho kwiyongera mu bucuruzi n'ubukungu ku isi.
"Nubwo hari ibibazo n'imbogamizi, ubucuruzi bw'amahanga bw'u Bushinwa burangwa no kwihangana no gukomera, kandi hamwe n'imikorere ya politiki zitandukanye zo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw'amahanga, igihugu cyitezweho kugera ku ntego yo guteza imbere ituze no kunoza ireme ry'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga mu mwaka wose." Nk'uko Fu Linghui abivuga, mbere na mbere, sisitemu y'inganda z'u Bushinwa yuzuye kandi ubushobozi bwo gutanga isoko bufite imbaraga, bityo bushobora guhangana n'impinduka ku isoko ry'ibikenewe mu mahanga. Icya kabiri, u Bushinwa bushimangira kwagura ubucuruzi bw'amahanga no gufungura amarembo ku isi yo hanze, bugakomeza kwagura umwanya w'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga. Mu gihembwe cya mbere, ibicuruzwa by'u Bushinwa bitumiza no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu biri ku "Belt and Road" byiyongereyeho 16.8%, mu gihe ibyo bigeze ku bindi bihugu bigize RCEP byiyongereyeho 7.3%, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byiyongereyeho 20.2%.
Icya gatatu, ukwiyongera kw'ingufu nshya mu bucuruzi bw'amahanga bw'Ubushinwa byagiye bigaragaza uruhare rwabyo mu gushyigikira iterambere ry'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga. Vuba aha, Ubuyobozi Bukuru bw'Imisoro na Gasutamo bwavuze mu itangazo ko mu gihembwe cya mbere, kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga by'imodoka zitwara abagenzi zikoresha amashanyarazi, bateri za lithium na bateri zikoresha imirasire y'izuba byiyongereyeho 66.9%, kandi iterambere ry'ubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki bwambukiranya imipaka n'ubundi bwoko bushya bw'ubucuruzi bw'amahanga nabyo byari byihuse cyane.
Fu Linghui yagize ati: “Mu buryo burambuye, intambwe ikurikira yo gushimangira politiki y’ubucuruzi bw’amahanga izakomeza kugaragaza umusaruro, ibyo bikaba ari byo bituma ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bugerwaho umwaka wose kugira ngo habeho ituze no kunoza ireme ry’intego.”
Iterambere ry'ubukungu buri mwaka ryitezweho kwiyongera buhoro buhoro
Fu Linghui yagize ati: “Kuva uyu mwaka watangira, ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa muri rusange bwakomeje kuzamuka, aho ibimenyetso bikomeye bihagaze neza kandi bikongera kuzamuka, imbaraga z’abakora ubucuruzi ziyongera, kandi ibyo isoko ryitezweho birushaho gutera imbere cyane, bigashyiraho urufatiro rwiza rwo kugera ku ntego z’iterambere ryitezwe mu mwaka wose.”
Nk’uko Fu Linghui abivuga, kuva ku cyiciro gikurikira, imbaraga z’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa zigenda ziyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi politiki rusange zikora neza, bityo imikorere y’ubukungu yitezweho gutera imbere muri rusange. Ukurikije ko imibare fatizo y’igihembwe cya kabiri cy’umwaka ushize yari mike bitewe n’ingaruka z’icyorezo, igipimo cy’ubukungu mu gihembwe cya kabiri cy’uyu mwaka gishobora kuba cyihuta cyane kurusha icyo mu gihembwe cya mbere. Mu gihembwe cya gatatu n’icya kane, uko igipimo fatizo kizamuka, igipimo cy’ubwiyongere kizagabanuka ugereranyije n’icyo mu gihembwe cya kabiri. Niba igipimo fatizo kitaritabwaho, ukwiyongera k’ubukungu mu mwaka wose byitezwe ko bizazamuka buhoro buhoro. Ibintu by’ingenzi bishyigikira ni ibi bikurikira:
Ubwa mbere, ingaruka zo gukurura ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa zigenda ziyongera buhoro buhoro. Kuva uyu mwaka watangira, ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa ryakomeje kwiyongera, kandi imbaraga zaryo mu iterambere ry’ubukungu zikomeje kwiyongera. Umuvuduko w’ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa bya nyuma mu iterambere ry’ubukungu uri hejuru ugereranije n’umwaka ushize; bitewe n’izamuka ry’imiterere y’akazi, guteza imbere politiki yo gukoresha ibicuruzwa, no kwiyongera k’umubare w’ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa, biteganijwe ko ubushobozi bw’abaturage mu gukoresha ibicuruzwa n’ubushake bwo kubikoresha biziyongera. Muri icyo gihe, turimo kwagura ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu n’ibikoresho byo mu rugo bigezweho kandi bigezweho, duteza imbere guhuza ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa kuri interineti no hanze ya interineti, duteza imbere imiterere mishya n’uburyo bushya bwo kubikoresha, kandi twihutisha kongera ireme n’ubwiza bw’isoko ry’icyaro, byose bikaba ari ingirakamaro mu iterambere rirambye ry’ibicuruzwa kandi bigatera imbere ubukungu.
Icya kabiri, ishoramari rihamye ryitezwe ko rizakomeza kwiyongera. Kuva mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, uturere dutandukanye twateje imbere cyane itangira ry'inyubako z'imishinga minini, kandi ishoramari ryakomeje kwiyongera muri rusange. Mu gihembwe cya mbere, ishoramari ry'imitungo itimukanwa ryiyongereyeho 5.1%. Mu cyiciro gikurikiraho, hamwe n'impinduka n'izamuka ry'inganda zisanzwe, iterambere rishya ry'inganda rizakomeza, kandi inkunga y'ubukungu nyakuri iziyongera, bizafasha ishoramari kwiyongera. Mu gihembwe cya mbere, ishoramari mu rwego rw'inganda ryiyongereyeho 7%, vuba kurusha ishoramari muri rusange. Muri byo, ishoramari mu nganda zigezweho ryiyongereyeho 15.2%. Ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo ryiyongereyeho umuvuduko wihuta. Kuva mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, uturere dutandukanye twakomeje guteza imbere ibikorwa remezo, kandi ingaruka zigenda zigaragara buhoro buhoro. Mu gihembwe cya mbere, ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo ryiyongereyeho 8.8% uko umwaka ugenda uhita, byongera imbaraga mu iterambere rirambye.
Icya gatatu, impinduka n’ivugurura ry’inganda byazanye imbaraga nyinshi. Ubushinwa bwashyize mu bikorwa ingamba z’iterambere zishingiye ku guhanga udushya, bushimangira imbaraga zabwo mu bya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, kandi buteza imbere iterambere ry’inganda, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’imiyoboro ya 5G, amakuru, ubwenge bw’ubukorano n’izindi koranabuhanga, ndetse no kuzamuka kw’inganda nshya; agaciro k’inganda zikora ibikoresho byiyongereyeho 4.3% mu gihembwe cya mbere, kandi imbaraga z’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda zikomeje kwiyongera buhoro buhoro. Muri icyo gihembwe, umuvuduko w’impinduka mu by’ingufu zikomoka ku bidukikije n’izikomoka ku karubone nke warihuta, ibyifuzo by’ibicuruzwa bishya byaragutse, kandi inganda zisanzwe ziyongereye mu kubungabunga ingufu, kugabanya ikoreshwa no kuvugurura, kandi ingaruka zo kubikoresha nazo zariyongereye. Mu gihembwe cya mbere, umusaruro w’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu n’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba wakomeje kwiyongera cyane. Iterambere ry’inganda rigezweho, ry’ubwenge kandi rirengera ibidukikije rizashyira imbaraga nshya mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa.
Icya kane, politiki z’ubukungu rusange zakomeje kugaragaza umusaruro. Kuva uyu mwaka watangira, uturere twose n’amashami byakurikije umwuka w’Inama Nkuru y’Ubukungu na raporo y’akazi ya Guverinoma kugira ngo ishyirwe mu bikorwa, kandi politiki nziza y’imari yarashimangiwe kugira ngo hongerwe umusaruro wa politiki y’ifaranga ihamye kandi ikomeye, bigaragaza akazi k’iterambere rirambye, akazi gahamye n’ibiciro bihamye, kandi ingaruka za politiki zakomeje kugaragara, kandi imikorere y’ubukungu mu gihembwe cya mbere yarahagaze kandi irasubira inyuma.
Fu Linghui yagize ati: “Mu cyiciro gikurikira, hamwe n’ibyemezo bya Komite Nkuru y’Ishyaka n’Inama Njyanama n’imigambi yo gukomeza gushyira mu bikorwa ibisobanuro birambuye, ingaruka za politiki zizarushaho kugaragara, imbaraga z’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa zizakomeza gukomera, kandi ziteze imbere imikorere y’ubukungu yo kugarura ibyiza.”
Igihe cyo kohereza: 23 Mata 2023
